主谓一致与句子成分解析：例题及解析详解

# 主谓一致与句子成分解析
## 主语
### 代词
- He is using the computer.
  - 他在用电脑。
### 名词
- Mary thinks her friends should be the same as her.
  - 玛丽认为她的朋友应该和她一样。
### 动名词
- Swimming is very good exercise for your muscles.
  - 游泳是锻炼肌肉的极好运动。
## 谓语
### 简单谓语
- He read the letter to us.
  - 他把信念给我们听。
### 复合谓语
- I can’t read your writing.
  - 我看不懂你写的东西。
## 主谓一致
### 定义
- 主谓一致：谓语动词在数和人称上与主语一致。
### 原则
#### 语法一致
- **并列主语**：and连接时，谓语用复数。
  - e.g. The woman and her husband work in the same office.
- **短语影响**：as well as, with等短语影响谓语形式。
  - e.g. A teacher with some students is now visiting the workshop.
- **动名词/不定式/从句**：用单数。
  - e.g. To see is to believe.
- **复数名词**：复数形式谓语。
  - e.g. My trousers are black.
- **不定代词**：单数形式谓语。
  - e.g. Everyone is here.
- **数量表达**：a number of用复数，the number of用单数。
  - e.g. There are a number of islands in the South Sea.
  - e.g. The number of the workers in this factory is over one thousand.
#### 意义一致
- **集合名词的整体/成员看法**：整体用单数，成员用复数。
  - e.g. My family is in Beijing.
  - e.g. The family were watching TV.
- **集合名词复数谓语**：用复数。
  - e.g. There are many people in the park.
- **时间/距离/重量单位**：单数谓语。
  - e.g. Ten years is a long time.
- **不定代词的单复数**：基于上下文。
  - e.g. Half of the readers are female.
  - e.g. Half of work has been done.
- **名词转化形式**：类名词复数，单个人或抽象概念单数。
  - e.g. The killed were buried on the hillside.
  - e.g. The new is sure to take the place of the old.
#### 就近一致
- **either...or... / neither...nor... / not only...but also**：靠近的名词决定谓语。
  - e.g. Neither the children nor their father was in the car.
  - e.g. Neither the father nor his children were in the car.
## 例题讲解
### 例题1
- Both the kids and their parents \_\_\_\_\_\_ English, I think. I know it from their accent.
  - 选项
    - A. is 
    - B. been 
    - C. are 
    - D. was
  - 解析：答案C。both…and…连接两个不同主语，谓语用复数。
### 例题2
- Two thousand dollars \_\_\_\_\_\_ enough for the car.
  - 选项
    - A. being 
    - B. were 
    - C. are 
    - D. is
  - 解析：答案D。货币单位做主语时看作单数。
### 例题3
- The young \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ interested in pop music.
  - 选项
    - A. is 
    - B. have 
    - C. has 
    - D. are
  - 解析：答案D。主语是the＋形容词表示一类人，复数意义，谓语用复数。